Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China

Passed November 67, 2016. Effective June 1, 2017.

Table of Contents

Chapter I: General Provisions

Chapter II: Support and Promotion of Cybersecurity

Chapter III: Network Operations Security

              Section 1: General Provisions

              Section 2: Operations Security for Critical Information Infrastructure

Chapter IV: Network Information Security

Chapter V: Monitoring, Early Warning, and Emergency Response

Chapter VI: Legal Responsibility

Chapter VII: Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I: General Provisions

Article 1: This Law is formulated in order to: ensure cybersecurity; safeguard cyberspace sovereignty and national security, and social and public interests; protect the lawful rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations; and promote the healthy development of the informatization of the economy and society.

Article 2: This Law is applicable to the construction, operation, maintenance, and use of networks, as well as to cybersecurity supervision and management within the mainland territory of the People’s Republic of China.

Article 3: The State persists in equally stressing cybersecurity and informatization development, and abides by the principles of active use, scientific development, management in accordance with law, and ensuring security. The State advances the construction of network infrastructure and interconnectivity, encourages the innovation and application of network technology, supports the cultivation of qualified cybersecurity personnel, establishes a complete system to safeguard cybersecurity, and raises capacity to protect cybersecurity.

Article 4: The State formulates and continuously improves cybersecurity strategy, clarifies the fundamental requirements and primary goals of ensuring cybersecurity, and puts forward cybersecurity policies, work tasks, and procedures for key sectors.

Article 5: The State takes measures for monitoring, preventing, and handling cybersecurity risks and threats arising both within and without the mainland territory of the People’s Republic of China. The State protects critical information infrastructure against attacks, intrusions, interference, and destruction; the State punishes unlawful and criminal cyber activities in accordance with the law, preserving the security and order of cyberspace.

Article 6: The State advocates sincere, honest, healthy and civilized online conduct; it promotes the dissemination of core socialist values, adopts measures to raise the entire society’s awareness and level of cybersecurity, and formulates a good environment for the entire society to jointly participate in advancing cybersecurity.

Article 7: The State actively carries out international exchanges and cooperation in the areas of cyberspace governance, research and development of network technologies, formulation of standards, attacking cybercrime and illegality, and other such areas; it promotes constructing a peaceful, secure, open, and cooperative cyberspace, and establishing a multilateral, democratic, and transparent Internet governance system.

Article 8: State cybersecurity and informatization departments are responsible for comprehensively planning and coordinating cybersecurity efforts and related supervision and management efforts. The State Council departments for telecommunications, public security, and other relevant organs, are responsible for cybersecurity protection, supervision, and management efforts within the scope of their responsibilities, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Cybersecurity protection, supervision, and management duties for relevant departments in people’s governments at the county level or above will be determined by relevant national regulations.

Article 9: Network operators carrying out business and service activities must follow laws and administrative regulations, respect social morality,  abide by commercial ethics, be honest and credible, perform obligations to protect cybersecurity, accept supervision from the government and public, and bear social responsibility.

Article 10: The construction and operation of networks, or the provision of services through networks, shall be done: in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, and with the mandatory requirements of national standards; adopting technical measures and other necessary measures to safeguard cybersecurity and operational stability; effectively responding to cybersecurity incidents; preventing cybercrimes and unlawful activity; and preserving the integrity, secrecy, and usability of online data.

Article 11: Relevant Internet industry organizations, according to their Articles of Association, shall strengthen industry self-discipline, formulate cybersecurity norms of behavior, guide their members in strengthening cybersecurity protection according to the law, raise the level of cybersecurity protection, and stimulate the healthy development of the industry.

Article 12: The State protects the rights of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations to use networks in accordance with the law; it promotes widespread network access, raises the level of network services, provides secure and convenient network services to society, and guarantees the lawful, orderly, and free circulation of network information.

Any person and organization using networks shall abide by the Constitution and laws, observe public order, and respect social morality; they must not endanger cybersecurity, and must not use the Internet to engage in activities endangering national security, national honor, and national interests; they must not incite subversion of national sovereignty, overturn the socialist system, incite separatism, break national unity, advocate terrorism or extremism, advocate ethnic hatred and ethnic discrimination, disseminate violent, obscene, or sexual information, create or disseminate false information to disrupt the economic or social order, or information that infringes on the reputation, privacy, intellectual property or other lawful rights and interests of others, and other such acts.

Article 13: The State encourages research and development of network products and services conducive to the healthy upbringing of minors; the State will lawfully punish the use of networks to engage in activities that endanger the psychological and physical well-being of minors; and the State will provide a safe and healthy network environment for minors.

Article 14: All individuals and organizations have the right to report conduct endangering cybersecurity to cybersecurity and informatization, telecommunications, public security, and other departments. Departments receiving reports shall promptly process them in accordance with law; where matters do not fall within the responsibilities of that department, they shall promptly transfer them to the department empowered to handle them.

Relevant departments shall preserve the confidentiality of the informants’ information and protect the lawful rights and interests of informants.

Chapter II: The Support and Promotion of Cybersecurity

Article 15: The State establishes and improves a system of cybersecurity standards. State Council standardization administrative departments and other relevant State Council departments, on the basis of their individual responsibilities, shall organize the formulation and timely revision of relevant national and industry standards for cybersecurity management, as well as for the security of network products, services, and operations.

The State supports enterprises, research institutions, schools of higher learning, and network-related industry organizations to participate in the formulation of national and industry standards for cybersecurity.

Article 16: The State Council and people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and directly-governed municipalities shall: do comprehensive planning; expand investment; support key cybersecurity technology industries and programs; support cybersecurity technology research and development, application, and popularization; promote secure and trustworthy network products and services; protect intellectual property rights for network technologies; and support research and development institutions, schools of higher learning, etc., to participate in State cybersecurity technology innovation programs.

Article 17: The State advances the establishment of socialized service systems for cybersecurity, encouraging relevant enterprises and institutions to carry out cybersecurity certifications, testing, risk assessment, and other such security services.

Article 18: The State encourages the development of network data security protection and utilization technologies, advancing the opening of public data resources, and promoting technical innovation and economic and social development.

The State supports innovative methods of cybersecurity management, utilizing new network technologies to enhance the level of cybersecurity protection.

Article 19: All levels of people’s governments and their relevant departments shall organize and carry out regular cybersecurity publicity and education, and guide and stimulate relevant units in properly carrying out cybersecurity publicity and education work.

The mass media shall conduct targeted cybersecurity publicity and education aimed at the public.

Article 20: The State supports enterprises and education or training institutions, such as schools of higher learning and vocational schools, in carrying out cybersecurity-related education and training, and it employs multiple methods to cultivate qualified personnel in cybersecurity and promote the interaction of cybersecurity professionals.

Chapter III: Network Operations Security

Section 1: Ordinary Provisions

Article 21: The State implements a cybersecurity multi-level protection system [MLPS]. Network operators shall perform the following security protection duties according to the requirements of the cybersecurity multi-level protection system to ensure the network is free from interference, damage, or unauthorized access, and to prevent network data leaks, theft, or falsification:

    (1) Formulate internal security management systems and operating rules, determine persons who are  responsible for cybersecurity, and implement cybersecurity protection responsibility;

    (2) Adopt technical measures to prevent computer viruses, cyber attacks, network intrusions, and other actions endangering cybersecurity;

    (3) Adopt technical measures for monitoring and recording network operational statuses and cybersecurity incidents, and follow provisions to store network logs for at least six months;

    (4) Adopt measures such as data classification, backup of important data, and encryption;

    (5) Other obligations provided by law or administrative regulations.

Article 22: Network products and services shall comply with the relevant national and mandatory requirements. Providers of network products and services must not install malicious programs; when discovering that their products and services have security flaws or vulnerabilities, they shall immediately adopt remedial measures, and follow provisions to promptly inform users and report to the competent departments.

Providers of network products and services shall provide security maintenance for their products and services, and they must not terminate the provision of security maintenance during the time limits or period agreed on with clients.

If a network product or service has the function of collecting user information, its provider shall clearly indicate this and obtain consent from the user; and if this involves a user’s personal information, the provider shall also comply with the provisions of this law and relevant laws and administrative regulations on the protection of personal information.

Article 23: Critical network equipment and specialized cybersecurity products shall follow national standards and mandatory requirements, and be security certified by a qualified establishment or meet the requirements of a security inspection, before being sold or provided. The state cybersecurity and informatization departments, together with the relevant departments of the State Council, will formulate and release a catalog of critical network equipment and specialized cybersecurity products, and promote reciprocal recognition of security certifications and security inspection results to avoid duplicative certifications and inspections.

Article 24: Network operators handling network access and domain name registration services for users, handling stationary or mobile phone network access, or providing users with information publication or instant messaging services, shall require users to provide real identity information when signing agreements with users or confirming the provision of services. Where users do not provide real identity information, network operators must not provide them with relevant services.

The State implements a network identity credibility strategy and supports research and development of secure and convenient electronic identity authentication technologies, promoting reciprocal acceptance among different electronic identity authentication methods.

Article 25: Network operators shall formulate emergency response plans for cybersecurity incidents and promptly address system vulnerabilities, computer viruses, cyber attacks, network intrusions, and other such cybersecurity risks. When cybersecurity incidents occur, network operators should immediately initiate an emergency response plan, adopt corresponding remedial measures, and report to the relevant competent departments in accordance with relevant provisions.

Article 26: Those carrying out cybersecurity certification, testing, risk assessment, or other such activities—or publicly publishing cybersecurity information such as system vulnerabilities, computer viruses, network attacks, or network incursions—shall comply with relevant national provisions.

Article 27: Individuals and organizations must not engage in illegal intrusion into the networks of other parties, disrupt the normal functioning of the networks of other parties, or steal network data or engage in other activities endangering cybersecurity; they must not provide programs, or tools specially used in network intrusions, that disrupt normal network functions and protection measures, steal network data, or engage in other acts endangering cybersecurity; and where they clearly are aware that others will engage in actions that endanger cybersecurity, they must not provide help such as technical support, advertisement and promotion, or payment of expenses.

Article 28: Network operators shall provide technical support and assistance to public security organs and national security organs that are safeguarding national security and investigating criminal activities in accordance with the law.

Article 29: The State supports cooperation between network operators in areas such as the gathering, analysis, reporting, and emergency handling of cybersecurity information, increasing the security safeguarding capacity of network operators.

Relevant industrial organizations are to establish and complete mechanisms for standardization and coordination of cybersecurity for their industry, strengthen their analysis and assessment of cybersecurity, and periodically conduct risk warnings, support, and coordination for members in responding to cybersecurity risks.

Article 30: Information obtained by cybersecurity and informatization departments and relevant departments performing cybersecurity protection duties can only be used as necessary for the protection of cybersecurity, and must not be used in other ways.

Section 2: Operations Security for Critical Information Infrastructure

Article 31: The State implements key protection on the basis of the cybersecurity multi-level protection system for public communication and information services, power, traffic, water resources, finance, public service, e-government, and other critical information infrastructure which—if destroyed, suffering a loss of function, or experiencing leakage of data—might seriously endanger national security, national welfare, the people’s livelihood, or the public interest. The State Council will formulate the specific scope and security protection measures for critical information infrastructure.

The State encourages operators of networks outside the [designated] critical information infrastructure systems to voluntarily participate in the critical information infrastructure protection system.

Article 32: In accordance with the duties and division of labor provided by the State Council, departments responsible for security protection work for critical information infrastructure are to separately compile and organize security implementation plans for their industry’s or sector’s critical information infrastructure, and to guide and supervise security protection efforts for critical information infrastructure operations.

Article 33: Those constructing critical information infrastructure shall ensure that it has the capability to  support business stability and sustained operations, and ensure the synchronous planning, synchronous establishment, and synchronous application of security technical measures.

Article 34: In addition to the provisions of Article 21 of this Law, critical information infrastructure operators shall also perform the following security protection duties:

    (1) Set up specialized security management bodies and persons responsible for security management, and conduct security background checks on those responsible persons and personnel in critical positions;

    (2) Periodically conduct cybersecurity education, technical training, and skills evaluations for employees;

    (3) Conduct disaster recovery backups of important systems and databases;

    (4) Formulate emergency response plans for cybersecurity incidents, and periodically organize drills;

    (5) Other duties provided by law or administrative regulations.

Article 35: Critical information infrastructure operators purchasing network products and services that might impact national security shall undergo a national security review organized by the State cybersecurity and informatization departments and relevant departments of the State Council.

Article 36: Critical information infrastructure operators purchasing network products and services shall follow relevant provisions and sign a security and confidentiality agreement with the provider, clarifying duties and responsibilities for security and confidentiality.

Article 37: Critical information infrastructure operators that gather or produce personal information or important data during operations within the mainland territory of the People’s Republic of China, shall store it within mainland China. Where due to business requirements it is truly necessary to provide it outside the mainland, they shall follow the measures jointly formulated by the State cybersecurity and informatization departments and the relevant departments of the State Council to conduct a security assessment; where laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, follow those provisions.

Article 38: At least once a year, critical information infrastructure operators shall conduct an inspection and assessment of their networks’ security and risks that might exist, either on their own or through retaining a cybersecurity services organization; CII operators should submit a cybersecurity report on the circumstances of the inspection and assessment as well as improvement measures, to be sent to the relevant department responsible for critical information infrastructure security protection efforts.

Article 39: State cybersecurity and informatization departments shall coordinate relevant departments in employing the following measures for critical information infrastructure security protection:

    (1) Conduct spot testing of critical information infrastructure security risks, put forward improvement measures, and when necessary they can retain a cybersecurity services organization to conduct testing and assessment of cybersecurity risks;

    (2) Periodically organize critical information infrastructure operators to conduct emergency cybersecurity response drills, increasing the level, coordination, and capacity of responses to cybersecurity incidents.

    (3) Promote cybersecurity information sharing among relevant departments, critical information infrastructure operators, and also relevant research institutions and cybersecurity services organizations.

    (4) Provide technical support and assistance for cybersecurity emergency management and recovery, etc.

Chapter IV: Network Information Security

Article 40: Network operators shall strictly maintain the confidentiality of user information they collect, and establish and complete user information protection systems.

Article 41: Network operators collecting and using personal information shall abide by the principles of legality, propriety, and necessity; they shall publish rules for collection and use, explicitly stating the purposes, means, and scope for collecting or using information, and obtain the consent of the persons whose data is gathered.

Network operators must not gather personal information unrelated to the services they provide; must not violate the provisions of laws, administrative regulations or agreements between the parties to gather or use personal information; and shall follow the provisions of laws, administrative regulations, and agreements with users to process personal information they have stored.

Article 42: Network operators must not disclose, tamper with, or destroy personal information they gather; and, absent the consent of the person whose information was collected, must not provide personal information to others. However, this is the case with the exception that information can be provided if after processing there is no way to identify a specific individual, and the identity cannot be recovered.

Network operators shall adopt technical measures and other necessary measures to ensure the security of personal information they gather and to prevent personal information from leaking, being destroyed, or lost. When the leak, destruction, or loss of personal information occurs, or might have occured, remedial measures shall be immediately taken, and provisions followed to promptly inform users and to make a report to the competent departments in accordance with regulations.

Article 43: Where individuals discover that network operators have violated the provisions of laws, administrative regulations, or agreements between the parties to gather or use their personal information, they have the right to demand the network operators delete their personal information; where discovering that personal information gathered or stored by network operators has errors, they have the right to demand the network operators make corrections. Network operators shall employ measures for deletions and corrections.

Article 44: Individuals or organizations must not steal or use other illegal methods to acquire personal information, and must not unlawfully sell or unlawfully provide others with personal information.

Article 45: Departments lawfully having cybersecurity supervision and management duties, and their staffs, must keep strictly confidential personal information, private information, and commercial secrets that they learn of in performing their duties, and they must not leak, sell, or unlawfully provide it to others.

Article 46: All individuals and organizations shall be responsible for their use of websites and must not establish websites or communications groups for use in perpetrating fraud, imparting criminal methods, the creation or sale of prohibited or controlled items, or other unlawful activities, and websites must not be exploited to publish information related to perpetrating fraud, the creation or sale of prohibited or controlled items, or other unlawful activities.

Article 47: Network operators shall strengthen management of information published by users and, upon discovering information that the law or administrative regulations prohibits the publication or transmission of, they shall immediately stop transmission of that information, employ handling measures such as deleting the information, prevent the information from spreading, save relevant records, and report to the relevant competent departments.

Article 48: Electronic information sent, or application software provided by any individual or organization, must not install malicious programs, and must not contain information that laws and administrative regulations prohibit the publication or transmission of.

Electronic information distribution service providers, and application software download service providers, shall perform security management duties; where they know that their users have engaged in conduct provided for in the preceding paragraph, they shall: employ measures such as  stopping provision of services and removal of information or malicious programs; store relevant records; and report to the relevant competent departments.

Article 49: Network operators shall establish network information security complaint and reporting systems, publicly disclose information such as the methods for making complaints or reports, and promptly accept and handle complaints and reports relevant to network information security.

Network operators shall cooperate with cybersecurity and informatization departments and relevant departments in conducting implementation of supervision and inspections in accordance with the law.

Article 50: State cybersecurity and informatization departments and relevant departments will perform network information security supervision and management responsibilities in accordance with law; and where they discover the publication or transmission of information which is prohibited by laws or administrative regulations, shall request that network operators stop transmission, employ disposition measures such as deletion, and store relevant records; for information described above that comes from outside the mainland People’s Republic of China, they shall notify the relevant organization to adopt technical measures and other necessary measures to block transmission.

Chapter V: Monitoring, Early Warning, and Emergency Response

Article 51: The State will establish a cybersecurity monitoring, early warning, and information communication system. The State cybersecurity and informatization departments shall do overall coordination of relevant departments to strengthen collection, analysis, and reporting efforts for cybersecurity information, and follow regulations for the unified release of cybersecurity monitoring and early warning information.

Article 52: Departments responsible for critical information infrastructure security protection efforts shall establish and complete cybersecurity monitoring, early warning, and information reporting systems for their respective industry or sector, and report cybersecurity monitoring and early warning information in accordance with regulations.

Article 53: State cybersecurity and informatization departments will coordinate with relevant departments to establish and complete mechanisms for cybersecurity risk assessment and emergency response efforts, formulate cybersecurity incident emergency response plans, and periodically organize drills.

Departments responsible for critical information infrastructure security protection efforts shall formulate cybersecurity incident emergency response plans for their respective industry or sector, and periodically organize drills.

Cybersecurity incident emergency response plans shall rank cybersecurity incidents on the basis of factors such as the degree of damage after the incident occurs and the scope of impact, and provide corresponding emergency response handling measures.

Article 54: When the risk of cybersecurity incidents increases, the relevant departments of people’s governments at the provincial level and above shall follow the scope of authority and procedures provided, and employ the following measures on the basis of the characteristics of the cybersecurity risk and the damage it might cause:

    (1) Require that relevant departments, institutions, and personnel promptly gather and report relevant information, and strengthen monitoring of the occurrence of cybersecurity risks;

    (2) Organize relevant departments, institutions, and specialist personnel to conduct analysis and assessment of information on the cybersecurity risk, and predict the likelihood of incident occurrence, the scope of impact, and the level of damage;

    (3) Issue cybersecurity risk warnings to the public, and publish measures for avoiding or reducing damage.

Article 55: When a cybersecurity incident occurs, the cybersecurity incident emergency response plan shall be immediately initiated, an evaluation and assessment of the cybersecurity incident shall be conducted, network operators shall be requested to adopt technical and other necessary measures, potential security risks shall be removed, the threat shall be prevented from expanding, and warnings relevant to the public shall be promptly published.

Article 56: Where, while performing cybersecurity supervision and management duties, relevant departments of people’s governments at the provincial level or above discover that networks have a relatively large security risk or the occurrence of a security incident, they may call in the legal representative or responsible party for the operator of that network to conduct interviews in accordance with the scope of authority and procedures provided. Network operators shall follow requirements to employ procedures, make corrections, and eliminate hidden dangers.

Article 57: Where sudden emergencies or production security accidents occur as a result of cybersecurity incidents, they shall be handled in accordance with the provisions the “Emergency Response Law of the People’s Republic of China,” the “Production Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China,” and other relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 58: To fulfill the need to protect national security and the social public order, and to respond to the requirements of major security incidents within the society, it is possible, as stipulated or approved by the State Council, to take temporary measures regarding network communications in a specially designated region, such as limiting such communications.

Chapter VI: Legal Responsibility

Article 59: Where network operators do not perform cybersecurity protection duties provided for in Articles 21 and 25 of this Law, the competent departments will order corrections and give warnings; where corrections are refused or it leads to harm to cybersecurity or other such consequences, a fine of between RMB 10,000 and 100,000 shall be levied; and the directly responsible management personnel shall be fined between RMB 5,000 and 50,000.

Where critical information infrastructure operators do not perform cybersecurity protection duties as provided for in Articles 33, 34, 36, and 38 of this Law, the competent departments will order corrections and give warnings; where corrections are refused or it leads to harm to cybersecurity or other such consequences, a fine of between RMB 100,000 and 1,000,000 shall be levied; and the directly responsible management personnel shall be fined between RMB 10,000 and 100,000.

Article 60: Where Article 22 Paragraphs 1 or 2 or Article 48 Paragraph 1 of this Law are violated by any of the following conduct, the relevant competent departments shall order corrections and give warnings; where corrections are refused or it causes harm to cybersecurity or other consequences, a fine of between RMB 50,000 and 500,000 shall be levied; and the persons who are directly in charge shall be fined between RMB 10,000 and 100,000:

    (1) Installing malicious programs;

    (2) Failure to immediately take remedial measures for security flaws or vulnerabilities that exist in products or services, or not informing users and reporting to the competent departments in accordance with regulations;

    (3) Unauthorized ending of the provision of security maintenance for their products or services.

Article 61: Network operators violating Article 24 Paragraph 1 of this Law in failing to require users to provide real identity information or providing relevant services to users who do not provide real identity information, are ordered to make corrections by the relevant competent department; where corrections are refused or the circumstances are serious, a fine of between RMB 50,000 and 500,000 shall be levied, and the relevant competent department may order a temporary suspension of operations, a suspension of business for corrections, closing down of websites, cancellation of relevant operations permits, or cancellation of business licenses; persons who are directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined between RMB 10,000 and 100,000.

Article 62: Where Article 26 of this Law is violated in carrying out cybersecurity certifications, testing, or risk assessments, or publishing cybersecurity information such as system vulnerabilities, computer viruses, cyber attacks, or network incursions, corrections are to be ordered and a warning given; where corrections are refused or the circumstances are serious, a fine of between RMB 10,000 and 100,000 shall be imposed, and the relevant competent department may order a temporary suspension of operations, a suspension of business for corrections, closing down of websites, cancellation of relevant operations permits, or cancellation of business licenses; persons who are directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined between RMB 5,000 and 50,000.

Article 63: Where Article 27 of this Law is violated in engaging in activities harming cybersecurity, or by providing specialized software or tools used in engaging in activities harming cybersecurity, or by providing others engaging in activities harming cybersecurity with assistance such as technical support, advertising and promotions, or payment of expenses, and where this does not constitute a crime, public security organizations shall confiscate unlawful gains and impose up to 5 days detention, and may levy a fine of between RMB 50,000 and 500,000; and where circumstances are serious, shall impose between 5 and 15 days detention, and may levy a fine of between 100,000 and 1,000,000 RMB.

Where units have engaged in the conduct of the preceding paragraph, public security organizations shall confiscate unlawful gains and levy a fine of between RMB 100,000 and 1,000,000, and the directly responsible persons in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined in accordance with the preceding paragraph.

Where Article 27 of this Law is violated, persons who receive public security administrative sanctions must not engage in cybersecurity management or key network operations positions for 5 years; those receiving criminal punishments will be subject to a lifetime ban on engaging in work in cybersecurity management and key network operations positions.

Article 64: Network operators, and network product or service providers violating Article 22 Paragraph 3 or Articles 41-43 of this Law by infringing on personal information that is protected in accordance with law, shall be ordered to make corrections by the relevant competent department and may, either independently or concurrently, be given warnings, be subject to confiscation of unlawful gains, and/or be fined between 1 to 10 times the amount of unlawful gains; where there are no unlawful gains, the fine shall be up to RMB 1,000,000, and a fine of between RMB 10,000 and 100,000 shall be given to persons who are directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel; where the circumstances are serious, the relevant competent department may order a temporary suspension of operations, a suspension of business for corrections, closing down of websites, cancellation of relevant operations permits, or cancellation of business licenses.

Where Article 44 of this Law is violated in stealing or using other illegal means to obtain, illegally sell, or illegally provide others with personal information, and this does not constitute a crime, public security organizations shall confiscate unlawful gains and levy a fine of between 1 and 10 times the amount of unlawful gains, and where there are no unlawful gains, levy a fine of up to RMB 1,000,000.

Article 65: Where critical information infrastructure operators violate Article 35 of this Law by using network products or services that have not had security inspections or did not pass security inspections, the relevant competent department shall order the usage to stop and levy a fine in the amount of 1 to 10 times the purchase price; the persons who are directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined between RMB 10,000 and 100,000.

Article 66: Where critical information infrastructure operators violate Article 37 of this Law by storing network data outside the mainland territory, or provide network data to those outside of the mainland territory, the relevant competent department: shall order corrective measures, provide warning, confiscate unlawful gains, and levy fines between RMB 50,000 and 500,000; and may order a temporary suspension of operations, a suspension of business for corrective measures, closing down of websites, revocation of relevant operations permits, or cancellation of business licenses. Persons who are directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined between RMB 10,000 and 100,000.

Article 67: Where Article 46 of this Law is violated by establishing a website or communications group used for the commission of illegal or criminal activities, or the network is used to publish information related to the commission of illegal or criminal activities, but a crime has not been committed, public security organizations shall impose up to 5 days detention and may levy a fine of between RMB 10,000 and 15,000; and where circumstances are serious, they may impose between 5 and 15 days detention, and may give a fine of between 50,000 and 500,000 RMB. They may also close websites and communications groups used for illegal or criminal activities.

Where units have engaged in conduct covered by the preceding paragraph, a fine of between RMB 100,000 and 500,000 shall be levied by public security organizations, and the principal responsible managers and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined in accordance with the preceding paragraph.

Article 68: Where network operators violate Article 47 of this Law by failing to stop the transmission of information for which transmission and publication are prohibited by laws or administrative regulations, failing to employ disposition measures such as deletion or failing to preserve relevant records, the relevant competent department shall order correction, provide warning, and confiscate unlawful gains; where correction is refused or circumstances are serious, fines between RMB 100,000 and 500,000 shall be imposed, and a temporary suspension of operations, a suspension of business to conduct correction, closing down of websites, cancellation of relevant operations permits, or cancellation of business licenses may be ordered; and persons who are directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel are fined between RMB 10,000 and 100,000.

Where electronic information service providers and application software download service providers do not perform their security management duties provided for in Paragraph 2 of Article 48 of this Law, punishment shall be in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 69: Network operators violating the provisions of this Law, who exhibit any of the following conduct, will be ordered to make corrections by the relevant competent departments; where corrections are refused or the circumstances are serious, a fine of between RMB 50,000 and 500,000 shall be imposed, and directly responsible management personnel and other directly responsible personnel are to be fined between RMB 10,000 and 100,000:

    (1) Not following the requirements of relevant departments to adopt disposition measures such as stopping dissemination or deleting information for which laws or administrative regulations prohibit publication or dissemination;

    (2) Refusal or obstruction of the competent departments in their lawful supervision and inspection;

    (3) Refusing to provide technical support and assistance to public security organs and state security organs.

Article 70: Publication or transmission of information prohibited by Article 12 Paragraph 2 of this Law or other laws or administrative regulations shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 71: When there is conduct violating the provisions of this Law, it shall be recorded in credit files and made public in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 72: Where state organization government affairs network operators do not perform cybersecurity protection duties as provided by this Law, the organization at the level above or relevant organizations will order corrections; sanctions will be levied on the directly responsible managers and other directly responsible personnel.

Article 73: Where cybersecurity and informatization and other relevant departments violate the provisions of Article 30 of this Law by using personal information acquired while performing cybersecurity protection duties for other purposes, the directly responsible persons in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given sanctions.

Where cybersecurity and informatization departments and other relevant departments’ personnel neglect their duties, abuse their authority, show favoritism, and it does not constitute a crime, sanctions will be imposed in accordance with law.

Article 74: Where violations of the provisions of this Law cause harm to others, civil liability is borne in accordance with law.

Where provisions of this Law are violated, constituting a violation of public order management, public order administrative sanctions will be imposed in accordance with law; where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility will be pursued in accordance with law.

Article 75: Where foreign institutions, organizations, or individuals engage in attacks, intrusions, interference, damage, or other activities the endanger the critical information infrastructure of the People’s Republic of China, and cause serious consequences, legal responsibility is to be pursued in accordance with the law; public security departments under the State Council and relevant departments may also decide to freeze institutional, organization, or individual  assets or take other necessary punitive measures.

Chapter VII: Supplementary Provisions

Article 76: The language below has the following meanings in this law:

    (1) “Network” [网络, also “cyber”] refers to a system comprised of computers or other information terminals and related equipment that follows certain rules and procedures for information gathering, storage, transmission, exchange, and processing.

    (2) “Cybersecurity” [网络安全, also “network security”] refers to taking the  necessary measures to prevent cyber attacks, intrusions, interference, destruction, and unlawful use, as well as unexpected accidents, to place networks in a state of stable and reliable operation, as well as ensuring the capacity for network data to be complete, confidential, and usable.

    (3) “Network operators” [网络运营者] refers to network owners, managers, and network service providers.

    (4) “Network data” [网络数据] refers to all kinds of electronic data collected, stored, transmitted, processed, and produced through networks.

    (5) “Personal information” [个人信息] refers to all kinds of information, recorded electronically or through other means, that taken alone or together with other information, is sufficient to identify a natural person’s identity, including but not limited to natural persons’ full names, birth dates, national identification numbers, personal biometric information, addresses, telephone numbers, and so forth.

Article 77: Protection of the operational security of networks that store or process information touching on national secrets shall follow this Law and shall also uphold the provisions of laws and administrative regulations pertaining to secrecy protection.

Article 78: The security protection rules for military networks are formulated by the Central Military Commission.

Article 79: This Law shall enter into effect June 1, 2017.

Chinese-language original

Source: http://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119867116.htm

中华人民共和国网络安全法

（2016年11月7日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议通过）

　　目　录

　　第一章　总　则

　　第二章　网络安全支持与促进

　　第三章　网络运行安全

　　第一节　一般规定

　　第二节　关键信息基础设施的运行安全

　　第四章　网络信息安全

　　第五章　监测预警与应急处置

　　第六章　法律责任

　　第七章　附　则

　　第一章　总　则

　　第一条　为了保障网络安全，维护网络空间主权和国家安全、社会公共利益，保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益，促进经济社会信息化健康发展，制定本法。

　　第二条　在中华人民共和国境内建设、运营、维护和使用网络，以及网络安全的监督管理，适用本法。

　　第三条　国家坚持网络安全与信息化发展并重，遵循积极利用、科学发展、依法管理、确保安全的方针，推进网络基础设施建设和互联互通，鼓励网络技术创新和应用，支持培养网络安全人才，建立健全网络安全保障体系，提高网络安全保护能力。

　　第四条　国家制定并不断完善网络安全战略，明确保障网络安全的基本要求和主要目标，提出重点领域的网络安全政策、工作任务和措施。

　　第五条　国家采取措施，监测、防御、处置来源于中华人民共和国境内外的网络安全风险和威胁，保护关键信息基础设施免受攻击、侵入、干扰和破坏，依法惩治网络违法犯罪活动，维护网络空间安全和秩序。

　　第六条　国家倡导诚实守信、健康文明的网络行为，推动传播社会主义核心价值观，采取措施提高全社会的网络安全意识和水平，形成全社会共同参与促进网络安全的良好环境。

　　第七条　国家积极开展网络空间治理、网络技术研发和标准制定、打击网络违法犯罪等方面的国际交流与合作，推动构建和平、安全、开放、合作的网络空间，建立多边、民主、透明的网络治理体系。

　　第八条　国家网信部门负责统筹协调网络安全工作和相关监督管理工作。国务院电信主管部门、公安部门和其他有关机关依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，在各自职责范围内负责网络安全保护和监督管理工作。

　　县级以上地方人民政府有关部门的网络安全保护和监督管理职责，按照国家有关规定确定。

　　第九条　网络运营者开展经营和服务活动，必须遵守法律、行政法规，尊重社会公德，遵守商业道德，诚实信用，履行网络安全保护义务，接受政府和社会的监督，承担社会责任。

　　第十条　建设、运营网络或者通过网络提供服务，应当依照法律、行政法规的规定和国家标准的强制性要求，采取技术措施和其他必要措施，保障网络安全、稳定运行，有效应对网络安全事件，防范网络违法犯罪活动，维护网络数据的完整性、保密性和可用性。

　　第十一条　网络相关行业组织按照章程，加强行业自律，制定网络安全行为规范，指导会员加强网络安全保护，提高网络安全保护水平，促进行业健康发展。

　　第十二条　国家保护公民、法人和其他组织依法使用网络的权利，促进网络接入普及，提升网络服务水平，为社会提供安全、便利的网络服务，保障网络信息依法有序自由流动。

　　任何个人和组织使用网络应当遵守宪法法律，遵守公共秩序，尊重社会公德，不得危害网络安全，不得利用网络从事危害国家安全、荣誉和利益，煽动颠覆国家政权、推翻社会主义制度，煽动分裂国家、破坏国家统一，宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义，宣扬民族仇恨、民族歧视，传播暴力、淫秽色情信息，编造、传播虚假信息扰乱经济秩序和社会秩序，以及侵害他人名誉、隐私、知识产权和其他合法权益等活动。

　　第十三条　国家支持研究开发有利于未成年人健康成长的网络产品和服务，依法惩治利用网络从事危害未成年人身心健康的活动，为未成年人提供安全、健康的网络环境。

　　第十四条　任何个人和组织有权对危害网络安全的行为向网信、电信、公安等部门举报。收到举报的部门应当及时依法作出处理；不属于本部门职责的，应当及时移送有权处理的部门。

　　有关部门应当对举报人的相关信息予以保密，保护举报人的合法权益。

　　第二章　网络安全支持与促进

　　第十五条　国家建立和完善网络安全标准体系。国务院标准化行政主管部门和国务院其他有关部门根据各自的职责，组织制定并适时修订有关网络安全管理以及网络产品、服务和运行安全的国家标准、行业标准。

　　国家支持企业、研究机构、高等学校、网络相关行业组织参与网络安全国家标准、行业标准的制定。

　　第十六条　国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当统筹规划，加大投入，扶持重点网络安全技术产业和项目，支持网络安全技术的研究开发和应用，推广安全可信的网络产品和服务，保护网络技术知识产权，支持企业、研究机构和高等学校等参与国家网络安全技术创新项目。

　　第十七条　国家推进网络安全社会化服务体系建设，鼓励有关企业、机构开展网络安全认证、检测和风险评估等安全服务。

　　第十八条　国家鼓励开发网络数据安全保护和利用技术，促进公共数据资源开放，推动技术创新和经济社会发展。

　　国家支持创新网络安全管理方式，运用网络新技术，提升网络安全保护水平。

　　第十九条　各级人民政府及其有关部门应当组织开展经常性的网络安全宣传教育，并指导、督促有关单位做好网络安全宣传教育工作。

　　大众传播媒介应当有针对性地面向社会进行网络安全宣传教育。

　　第二十条　国家支持企业和高等学校、职业学校等教育培训机构开展网络安全相关教育与培训，采取多种方式培养网络安全人才，促进网络安全人才交流。

第三章　网络运行安全

　　第一节　一般规定

　　第二十一条　国家实行网络安全等级保护制度。网络运营者应当按照网络安全等级保护制度的要求，履行下列安全保护义务，保障网络免受干扰、破坏或者未经授权的访问，防止网络数据泄露或者被窃取、篡改：

　　（一）制定内部安全管理制度和操作规程，确定网络安全负责人，落实网络安全保护责任；

　　（二）采取防范计算机病毒和网络攻击、网络侵入等危害网络安全行为的技术措施；

　　（三）采取监测、记录网络运行状态、网络安全事件的技术措施，并按照规定留存相关的网络日志不少于六个月；

　　（四）采取数据分类、重要数据备份和加密等措施；

　　（五）法律、行政法规规定的其他义务。

　　第二十二条　网络产品、服务应当符合相关国家标准的强制性要求。网络产品、服务的提供者不得设置恶意程序；发现其网络产品、服务存在安全缺陷、漏洞等风险时，应当立即采取补救措施，按照规定及时告知用户并向有关主管部门报告。

　　网络产品、服务的提供者应当为其产品、服务持续提供安全维护；在规定或者当事人约定的期限内，不得终止提供安全维护。

　　网络产品、服务具有收集用户信息功能的，其提供者应当向用户明示并取得同意；涉及用户个人信息的，还应当遵守本法和有关法律、行政法规关于个人信息保护的规定。

　　第二十三条　网络关键设备和网络安全专用产品应当按照相关国家标准的强制性要求，由具备资格的机构安全认证合格或者安全检测符合要求后，方可销售或者提供。国家网信部门会同国务院有关部门制定、公布网络关键设备和网络安全专用产品目录，并推动安全认证和安全检测结果互认，避免重复认证、检测。

　　第二十四条　网络运营者为用户办理网络接入、域名注册服务，办理固定电话、移动电话等入网手续，或者为用户提供信息发布、即时通讯等服务，在与用户签订协议或者确认提供服务时，应当要求用户提供真实身份信息。用户不提供真实身份信息的，网络运营者不得为其提供相关服务。

　　国家实施网络可信身份战略，支持研究开发安全、方便的电子身份认证技术，推动不同电子身份认证之间的互认。

　　第二十五条　网络运营者应当制定网络安全事件应急预案，及时处置系统漏洞、计算机病毒、网络攻击、网络侵入等安全风险；在发生危害网络安全的事件时，立即启动应急预案，采取相应的补救措施，并按照规定向有关主管部门报告。

　　第二十六条　开展网络安全认证、检测、风险评估等活动，向社会发布系统漏洞、计算机病毒、网络攻击、网络侵入等网络安全信息，应当遵守国家有关规定。

　　第二十七条　任何个人和组织不得从事非法侵入他人网络、干扰他人网络正常功能、窃取网络数据等危害网络安全的活动；不得提供专门用于从事侵入网络、干扰网络正常功能及防护措施、窃取网络数据等危害网络安全活动的程序、工具；明知他人从事危害网络安全的活动的，不得为其提供技术支持、广告推广、支付结算等帮助。

　　第二十八条　网络运营者应当为公安机关、国家安全机关依法维护国家安全和侦查犯罪的活动提供技术支持和协助。

　　第二十九条　国家支持网络运营者之间在网络安全信息收集、分析、通报和应急处置等方面进行合作，提高网络运营者的安全保障能力。

　　有关行业组织建立健全本行业的网络安全保护规范和协作机制，加强对网络安全风险的分析评估，定期向会员进行风险警示，支持、协助会员应对网络安全风险。

　　第三十条　网信部门和有关部门在履行网络安全保护职责中获取的信息，只能用于维护网络安全的需要，不得用于其他用途。

　　第二节　关键信息基础设施的运行安全

　　第三十一条　国家对公共通信和信息服务、能源、交通、水利、金融、公共服务、电子政务等重要行业和领域，以及其他一旦遭到破坏、丧失功能或者数据泄露，可能严重危害国家安全、国计民生、公共利益的关键信息基础设施，在网络安全等级保护制度的基础上，实行重点保护。关键信息基础设施的具体范围和安全保护办法由国务院制定。

　　国家鼓励关键信息基础设施以外的网络运营者自愿参与关键信息基础设施保护体系。

　　第三十二条　按照国务院规定的职责分工，负责关键信息基础设施安全保护工作的部门分别编制并组织实施本行业、本领域的关键信息基础设施安全规划，指导和监督关键信息基础设施运行安全保护工作。

　　第三十三条　建设关键信息基础设施应当确保其具有支持业务稳定、持续运行的性能，并保证安全技术措施同步规划、同步建设、同步使用。

　　第三十四条　除本法第二十一条的规定外，关键信息基础设施的运营者还应当履行下列安全保护义务：

　　（一）设置专门安全管理机构和安全管理负责人，并对该负责人和关键岗位的人员进行安全背景审查；

　　（二）定期对从业人员进行网络安全教育、技术培训和技能考核；

　　（三）对重要系统和数据库进行容灾备份；

　　（四）制定网络安全事件应急预案，并定期进行演练；

　　（五）法律、行政法规规定的其他义务。

　　第三十五条　关键信息基础设施的运营者采购网络产品和服务，可能影响国家安全的，应当通过国家网信部门会同国务院有关部门组织的国家安全审查。

　　第三十六条　关键信息基础设施的运营者采购网络产品和服务，应当按照规定与提供者签订安全保密协议，明确安全和保密义务与责任。

　　第三十七条　关键信息基础设施的运营者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的个人信息和重要数据应当在境内存储。因业务需要，确需向境外提供的，应当按照国家网信部门会同国务院有关部门制定的办法进行安全评估；法律、行政法规另有规定的，依照其规定。

　　第三十八条　关键信息基础设施的运营者应当自行或者委托网络安全服务机构对其网络的安全性和可能存在的风险每年至少进行一次检测评估，并将检测评估情况和改进措施报送相关负责关键信息基础设施安全保护工作的部门。

　　第三十九条　国家网信部门应当统筹协调有关部门对关键信息基础设施的安全保护采取下列措施：

　　（一）对关键信息基础设施的安全风险进行抽查检测，提出改进措施，必要时可以委托网络安全服务机构对网络存在的安全风险进行检测评估；

　　（二）定期组织关键信息基础设施的运营者进行网络安全应急演练，提高应对网络安全事件的水平和协同配合能力；

　　（三）促进有关部门、关键信息基础设施的运营者以及有关研究机构、网络安全服务机构等之间的网络安全信息共享；

　　（四）对网络安全事件的应急处置与网络功能的恢复等，提供技术支持和协助。

　　第四章　网络信息安全

　　第四十条　网络运营者应当对其收集的用户信息严格保密，并建立健全用户信息保护制度。

　　第四十一条　网络运营者收集、使用个人信息，应当遵循合法、正当、必要的原则，公开收集、使用规则，明示收集、使用信息的目的、方式和范围，并经被收集者同意。

　　网络运营者不得收集与其提供的服务无关的个人信息，不得违反法律、行政法规的规定和双方的约定收集、使用个人信息，并应当依照法律、行政法规的规定和与用户的约定，处理其保存的个人信息。

　　第四十二条　网络运营者不得泄露、篡改、毁损其收集的个人信息；未经被收集者同意，不得向他人提供个人信息。但是，经过处理无法识别特定个人且不能复原的除外。

　　网络运营者应当采取技术措施和其他必要措施，确保其收集的个人信息安全，防止信息泄露、毁损、丢失。在发生或者可能发生个人信息泄露、毁损、丢失的情况时，应当立即采取补救措施，按照规定及时告知用户并向有关主管部门报告。

　　第四十三条　个人发现网络运营者违反法律、行政法规的规定或者双方的约定收集、使用其个人信息的，有权要求网络运营者删除其个人信息；发现网络运营者收集、存储的其个人信息有错误的，有权要求网络运营者予以更正。网络运营者应当采取措施予以删除或者更正。

　　第四十四条　任何个人和组织不得窃取或者以其他非法方式获取个人信息，不得非法出售或者非法向他人提供个人信息。

　　第四十五条　依法负有网络安全监督管理职责的部门及其工作人员，必须对在履行职责中知悉的个人信息、隐私和商业秘密严格保密，不得泄露、出售或者非法向他人提供。

　　第四十六条　任何个人和组织应当对其使用网络的行为负责，不得设立用于实施诈骗，传授犯罪方法，制作或者销售违禁物品、管制物品等违法犯罪活动的网站、通讯群组，不得利用网络发布涉及实施诈骗，制作或者销售违禁物品、管制物品以及其他违法犯罪活动的信息。

　　第四十七条　网络运营者应当加强对其用户发布的信息的管理，发现法律、行政法规禁止发布或者传输的信息的，应当立即停止传输该信息，采取消除等处置措施，防止信息扩散，保存有关记录，并向有关主管部门报告。

　　第四十八条　任何个人和组织发送的电子信息、提供的应用软件，不得设置恶意程序，不得含有法律、行政法规禁止发布或者传输的信息。

　　电子信息发送服务提供者和应用软件下载服务提供者，应当履行安全管理义务，知道其用户有前款规定行为的，应当停止提供服务，采取消除等处置措施，保存有关记录，并向有关主管部门报告。

　　第四十九条　网络运营者应当建立网络信息安全投诉、举报制度，公布投诉、举报方式等信息，及时受理并处理有关网络信息安全的投诉和举报。

　　网络运营者对网信部门和有关部门依法实施的监督检查，应当予以配合。

　　第五十条　国家网信部门和有关部门依法履行网络信息安全监督管理职责，发现法律、行政法规禁止发布或者传输的信息的，应当要求网络运营者停止传输，采取消除等处置措施，保存有关记录；对来源于中华人民共和国境外的上述信息，应当通知有关机构采取技术措施和其他必要措施阻断传播。

第五章　监测预警与应急处置

　　第五十一条　国家建立网络安全监测预警和信息通报制度。国家网信部门应当统筹协调有关部门加强网络安全信息收集、分析和通报工作，按照规定统一发布网络安全监测预警信息。

　　第五十二条　负责关键信息基础设施安全保护工作的部门，应当建立健全本行业、本领域的网络安全监测预警和信息通报制度，并按照规定报送网络安全监测预警信息。

　　第五十三条　国家网信部门协调有关部门建立健全网络安全风险评估和应急工作机制，制定网络安全事件应急预案，并定期组织演练。

　　负责关键信息基础设施安全保护工作的部门应当制定本行业、本领域的网络安全事件应急预案，并定期组织演练。

　　网络安全事件应急预案应当按照事件发生后的危害程度、影响范围等因素对网络安全事件进行分级，并规定相应的应急处置措施。

　　第五十四条　网络安全事件发生的风险增大时，省级以上人民政府有关部门应当按照规定的权限和程序，并根据网络安全风险的特点和可能造成的危害，采取下列措施：

　　（一）要求有关部门、机构和人员及时收集、报告有关信息，加强对网络安全风险的监测；

　　（二）组织有关部门、机构和专业人员，对网络安全风险信息进行分析评估，预测事件发生的可能性、影响范围和危害程度；

　　（三）向社会发布网络安全风险预警，发布避免、减轻危害的措施。

　　第五十五条　发生网络安全事件，应当立即启动网络安全事件应急预案，对网络安全事件进行调查和评估，要求网络运营者采取技术措施和其他必要措施，消除安全隐患，防止危害扩大，并及时向社会发布与公众有关的警示信息。

　　第五十六条　省级以上人民政府有关部门在履行网络安全监督管理职责中，发现网络存在较大安全风险或者发生安全事件的，可以按照规定的权限和程序对该网络的运营者的法定代表人或者主要负责人进行约谈。网络运营者应当按照要求采取措施，进行整改，消除隐患。

　　第五十七条　因网络安全事件，发生突发事件或者生产安全事故的，应当依照《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》、《中华人民共和国安全生产法》等有关法律、行政法规的规定处置。

　　第五十八条　因维护国家安全和社会公共秩序，处置重大突发社会安全事件的需要，经国务院决定或者批准，可以在特定区域对网络通信采取限制等临时措施。

　　第六章　法律责任

　　第五十九条　网络运营者不履行本法第二十一条、第二十五条规定的网络安全保护义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告；拒不改正或者导致危害网络安全等后果的，处一万元以上十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员处五千元以上五万元以下罚款。

　　关键信息基础设施的运营者不履行本法第三十三条、第三十四条、第三十六条、第三十八条规定的网络安全保护义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告；拒不改正或者导致危害网络安全等后果的，处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。

　　第六十条　违反本法第二十二条第一款、第二款和第四十八条第一款规定，有下列行为之一的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告；拒不改正或者导致危害网络安全等后果的，处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款：

　　（一）设置恶意程序的；

　　（二）对其产品、服务存在的安全缺陷、漏洞等风险未立即采取补救措施，或者未按照规定及时告知用户并向有关主管部门报告的；

　　（三）擅自终止为其产品、服务提供安全维护的。

　　第六十一条　网络运营者违反本法第二十四条第一款规定，未要求用户提供真实身份信息，或者对不提供真实身份信息的用户提供相关服务的，由有关主管部门责令改正；拒不改正或者情节严重的，处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，并可以由有关主管部门责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、关闭网站、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。

　　第六十二条　违反本法第二十六条规定，开展网络安全认证、检测、风险评估等活动，或者向社会发布系统漏洞、计算机病毒、网络攻击、网络侵入等网络安全信息的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告；拒不改正或者情节严重的，处一万元以上十万元以下罚款，并可以由有关主管部门责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、关闭网站、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五千元以上五万元以下罚款。

　　第六十三条　违反本法第二十七条规定，从事危害网络安全的活动，或者提供专门用于从事危害网络安全活动的程序、工具，或者为他人从事危害网络安全的活动提供技术支持、广告推广、支付结算等帮助，尚不构成犯罪的，由公安机关没收违法所得，处五日以下拘留，可以并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款；情节较重的，处五日以上十五日以下拘留，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款。

　　单位有前款行为的，由公安机关没收违法所得，处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，并对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依照前款规定处罚。

　　违反本法第二十七条规定，受到治安管理处罚的人员，五年内不得从事网络安全管理和网络运营关键岗位的工作；受到刑事处罚的人员，终身不得从事网络安全管理和网络运营关键岗位的工作。

　　第六十四条　网络运营者、网络产品或者服务的提供者违反本法第二十二条第三款、第四十一条至第四十三条规定，侵害个人信息依法得到保护的权利的，由有关主管部门责令改正，可以根据情节单处或者并处警告、没收违法所得、处违法所得一倍以上十倍以下罚款，没有违法所得的，处一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；情节严重的，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、关闭网站、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照。

　　违反本法第四十四条规定，窃取或者以其他非法方式获取、非法出售或者非法向他人提供个人信息，尚不构成犯罪的，由公安机关没收违法所得，并处违法所得一倍以上十倍以下罚款，没有违法所得的，处一百万元以下罚款。

　　第六十五条　关键信息基础设施的运营者违反本法第三十五条规定，使用未经安全审查或者安全审查未通过的网络产品或者服务的，由有关主管部门责令停止使用，处采购金额一倍以上十倍以下罚款；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。

　　第六十六条　关键信息基础设施的运营者违反本法第三十七条规定，在境外存储网络数据，或者向境外提供网络数据的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，没收违法所得，处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、关闭网站、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。

　　第六十七条　违反本法第四十六条规定，设立用于实施违法犯罪活动的网站、通讯群组，或者利用网络发布涉及实施违法犯罪活动的信息，尚不构成犯罪的，由公安机关处五日以下拘留，可以并处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；情节较重的，处五日以上十五日以下拘留，可以并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款。关闭用于实施违法犯罪活动的网站、通讯群组。

　　单位有前款行为的，由公安机关处十万元以上五十万元以下罚款，并对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依照前款规定处罚。

　　第六十八条　网络运营者违反本法第四十七条规定，对法律、行政法规禁止发布或者传输的信息未停止传输、采取消除等处置措施、保存有关记录的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，没收违法所得；拒不改正或者情节严重的，处十万元以上五十万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、关闭网站、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。

　　电子信息发送服务提供者、应用软件下载服务提供者，不履行本法第四十八条第二款规定的安全管理义务的，依照前款规定处罚。

　　第六十九条　网络运营者违反本法规定，有下列行为之一的，由有关主管部门责令改正；拒不改正或者情节严重的，处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，处一万元以上十万元以下罚款：

　　（一）不按照有关部门的要求对法律、行政法规禁止发布或者传输的信息，采取停止传输、消除等处置措施的；

　　（二）拒绝、阻碍有关部门依法实施的监督检查的；

　　（三）拒不向公安机关、国家安全机关提供技术支持和协助的。

　　第七十条　发布或者传输本法第十二条第二款和其他法律、行政法规禁止发布或者传输的信息的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处罚。

　　第七十一条　有本法规定的违法行为的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定记入信用档案，并予以公示。

　　第七十二条　国家机关政务网络的运营者不履行本法规定的网络安全保护义务的，由其上级机关或者有关机关责令改正；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。

　　第七十三条　网信部门和有关部门违反本法第三十条规定，将在履行网络安全保护职责中获取的信息用于其他用途的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。

　　网信部门和有关部门的工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊，尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予处分。

　　第七十四条　违反本法规定，给他人造成损害的，依法承担民事责任。

　　违反本法规定，构成违反治安管理行为的，依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

　　第七十五条　境外的机构、组织、个人从事攻击、侵入、干扰、破坏等危害中华人民共和国的关键信息基础设施的活动，造成严重后果的，依法追究法律责任；国务院公安部门和有关部门并可以决定对该机构、组织、个人采取冻结财产或者其他必要的制裁措施。

　　第七章　附　则

　　第七十六条　本法下列用语的含义：

　　（一）网络，是指由计算机或者其他信息终端及相关设备组成的按照一定的规则和程序对信息进行收集、存储、传输、交换、处理的系统。

　　（二）网络安全，是指通过采取必要措施，防范对网络的攻击、侵入、干扰、破坏和非法使用以及意外事故，使网络处于稳定可靠运行的状态，以及保障网络数据的完整性、保密性、可用性的能力。

　　（三）网络运营者，是指网络的所有者、管理者和网络服务提供者。

　　（四）网络数据，是指通过网络收集、存储、传输、处理和产生的各种电子数据。

　　（五）个人信息，是指以电子或者其他方式记录的能够单独或者与其他信息结合识别自然人个人身份的各种信息，包括但不限于自然人的姓名、出生日期、身份证件号码、个人生物识别信息、住址、电话号码等。

　　第七十七条　存储、处理涉及国家秘密信息的网络的运行安全保护，除应当遵守本法外，还应当遵守保密法律、行政法规的规定。

　　第七十八条　军事网络的安全保护，由中央军事委员会另行规定。

　　第七十九条　本法自2017年6月1日起施行。